Part of a series on Organized Crime and the Environment, by Raven
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5. DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

In most developed countries, consumer and industrial waste has become massive and expensive to get rid of. The Mafia-type gangs have stepped into this business as a specialty.

UNITED STATES

NEW YORK - GARBAGE

Due to known mob influence, New York has been paying up to 50 per cent more for garbage disposal than other cities.

"Seventeen individuals and 26 companies, including V. Ponte & Sons and Barretti Carting, among the best known private haulers in the city, were indicted in June." [source: The New York Times September 16, 1995 ]

Two Long Island garbage haulers who had fed information about organized crime to investigators were murdered (Robert M. Kubecka and his brother-in-law, Donald Barstow.) Charged in the slayings were "Anthony Salvatore ["Gaspipe"] Casso, who officials say is the acting boss of the Lucchese crime family and who was captured in January, and Salvatore Avellino Jr., said to be a powerful captain in the family and the long-dominant figure in Long Island's private garbage-collection business."
[source: The New York Times April 13, 1993 ] "In April, a Federal grand jury indicted James Failla, the head of the Association of Trade Waste Removers of Greater New York, on racketeering charges. Prosecutors contended that he is a captain in the Gambino crime family and has used force and threats to divide up collection routes."
[source: The New York Times October 7, 1993 ]

NEW YORK - CONTAMINATED OIL

Christopher Grungo, 42, of Philadelphia, the owner of Noble Oil Company was arrested as the leader of a scheme that saw millions of gallons of contaminated oil burned in New York City's commercial and public buildings, schools and hospitals. The company collected used oil from service stations and industries in several states, and instead of treating it, mixed it with other oil and sold it as new. The used oil contained heavy metals, and caused pollution when burned without prior treatment.

"The Attorney General said his office was investigating possible links between the Cibro terminal and the Gambino crime family, and possible connections of the Lucchese and Genovese families to the transportation of the contaminated oil from the W.A.S. Terminal in Newark and the Constable Terminal in Bayonne."
[source: The New York Times May 28, 1993 ]

OTHER

Greenpeace has published an "Encyclopedia of Waste Management Crimes" listing various illegal and outright criminal actions of the largest American waste company, Waste Management Inc. Competitor BFI (Browning Ferris Industries) has also been charged with many environmental and criminal acts.

RUSSIA - US TOXIC WASTE DUMPED

"Yury Volgin, senior officer at the organized crime squad of the Interior Ministry, said in an interview that police last month found over 50 tons of radioactive sludge stocked in rusty barrels, some leaking, at a factory in Skopin, 200 kilometers southwest of Moscow. Some of the barrels carried labels of Teledyne, a U.S. defense and recycling firm, warning that the content was radioactive and could cause cancer."
[ The Moscow Times August 15, 1995 ]

ITALY - MAFIA DUMPING

A report by the research group Eurispes, on behalf of Italian environmental group Legambiente and the police, found that Mafia waste disposal and illegal construction were making billions in profits, but putting southern Italy at risk.
[see: Reuters December 5, 1994 ]

ROMANIA - GERMAN TOXIC WASTE

Over 400 tonnes of old pesticide and other industrial waste were dumped in and around the picturesque city of Sibiu, Romania. The waste was German, and the German government apologized, and made laws against exports of waste to Eastern Europe. Greenpeace was also involved.

"Europe has a garbage Mafia and they will try to carry out their deals regardless of how strict the law is," Romanian Environment Minister Aurel Constantin Ilie said.
[source: The Reuter Library Report April 4, 1993 ]

LEBANON - TOXIC WASTE FROM ITALY

Thousands of barrels of toxic waste were sent from Italy to Lebanon, during the 1980's civil war there. Lebanese environmentalists, and Greenpeace, suspect a "toxic waste mafia" made money on the deal.
[source: Reuters June 19, 1995]

ITALY - CAMORRA IN WASTE BUSINESS

"Police confiscated documents on 29 March from the Rome offices of Vincenzo Fiorillo, director of Rona, a toxic waste disposal firm founded in 1987 and operating in the south of Italy. Other shareholders, in addition to Sig Fiorillo, include the commercial lawyer Rosario Gava, brother of Antonio Gava, the Christian Democrat senator who is under investigation by Naples magistrates for suspected collusion with the camorra (the Neapolitan mafia). Another is Giuseppe Giordano, a shareholder in AGD Costruzioni, a building firm controlled by Francesco Alfieri. The latter is the businessman cousin of camorra boss Carmine Alfieri, recently arrested after being on the run for ten years.

Rona was used by many northern-based companies needing to dispose of toxic and harmful substances at low cost. Sig Fiorillo's name was mentioned in April 1991 during a judicial investigation in Naples into a Como-based company, Ecomovil, and it also emerged that Rona had a branch in Brindisi.

Rona was depositing toxic materials in a large waste disposal site at Pianura, owned by the brothers Domenico and Francesco La Marca, who are now under investigation on suspicion of collusion with the camorra. The head of the family, Salvatore La Marca, former mayor of Ottaviano, was accused (and then acquitted) of having links with the camorra. It was he who set up the waste disposal business, through the creation of Fungaia Monte Somma, a company active in many areas, from mushroom-growing and livestock-rearing to the disposal, storage and treatment of all types of waste.

Rosario Gava also tried to organise the export of harmful substances. Together with Sig Fiorillo he tried in February 1988 to buy the UK ship Acrux, which was fitted out for the transport of toxic waste. Rona agreed to pay L426m for the vessel, but subsequently withdrew from the deal, losing the L20m surety it had paid.

The mechanism by which toxic waste was illegally dumped in Campania was described to magistrates in Naples by Nunzio Perrella, a "supergrass" who was arrested in 1992 for association with the mafia and for drug trafficking. He said that the local councillor in charge of ecological matters, Raffaele Perrone Capano, a Liberal, used to procure the necessary authorisations and permits for the disposal. The cost per kilogramme of waste was L25, of which Sig Perrone Capano received L10. In exchange, Sig Perrella said, he and his associates procured votes for Liberal party election candidates.

The investigators are scrutinising the activities of Gaetano Cerci, of Caserta, the owner of the firm Ecologia '89 and nephew of Francesco Bidognetti, right-hand-man of Francesco Schiavone (known as Sandokan), the boss of the Casalesi camorra clan. Sig Cerci was mentioned by Sig Perrella and the Naples magistrates believe he is the key link between the Casalesi clan and Licio Gelli, head of the former masonic lodge P2. Telephone tapping by Rome police proved that Sig Cerci stayed several times at Sig Gelli's Villa Wanda, near Arezzo. A few days ago Villa Wanda was searched, on orders of the Naples public prosecutor, but police failed to find the computer discs that they were looking for."
[original source: IL MONDO, 26 April 1993, P71 ]

MORE ON ITALIAN MAFIA:

"Government officials said that they had reason to believe that the Ndrangheta and Camorra mafias, of Calabria and Naples in southern Italy, were doing a roaring trade in toxic and radioactive waste."
[source: Inter Press Service July 7, 1995 ]

"Half of the industrial waste produced in Italy each year falls into the hands of organized crime groups who dispose of it illegally for record profits, according to a recent study by the Legambiente environmental group.

The report, Rifuiti (Waste) S.P.A., said that each year more than 28,000 trucks carry about 13 million tons of industrial and toxic waste from northern and central Italy to illegal dumping sites in the south of the country."
[source: BNA INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT DAILY May 8, 1995 ]

Note: Copies of the report are available from Daniel Giombi, Legambiente, Via Salaria 280, 00199, Rome, Italy; telephone: +39-6-8442277; fax: +39-6-8443504.


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